Optimal Mechanical Exclusion Devices for Management of Khapra Beetle in Stored Wheat

Authors

  • M. S. Alam Department of Processing and Food Engineering Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab
  • Manpreet Kaur Saini Department of Processing and Food Engineering Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55446/IJE.2022.661

Keywords:

Trogoderma granarium, mechanical exclusion, combinations, probe trap, two-in-one traps, perforations, trap capture, numerical optimization, colour change, weight loss

Abstract

The effect of mechanical exclusion devices and its number in combination viz. probe trap (A; 1-3), two-in-one trap with 3 mm perforations (B; 1-5) and two-in-one trap with 2 mm perforations (C; 1-3) were investigated to test the efficiency of these traps for trapping larvae and adults of khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts. Colour change and weight loss (%) happening in wheat stored in bins of 50 kg capacity for six months were used as the criteria. The experiments were planned using a three-factor-three-level Box and Behnken design of response surface methodology and were optimized for maximum trapping, with minimum change in colour and weight loss. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher effects of quantity (number) of two in one trap with 3 mm perforations followed by two in one trap with 2 mm perforation on total trapping efficiency. Colour change and weight loss in stored wheat exhibited a negative relationship with trap capture. Among the process parameters studied, the probe trap and its number in experimental combination demonstrated a significantly lower effect on the response variables. The optimal combinations of mechanical exclusion process parameters obtained by numerical optimization technique for trapping larvae and adults were 3:4:3 and 2:5:3 (probe trap: two in one model trap 3 mm: two in one model trap 2 mm) with desirability of 0.61 and 0.63, respectively.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Downloads

Published

2023-09-01

How to Cite

Alam, M. S., & Saini, M. K. (2023). Optimal Mechanical Exclusion Devices for Management of Khapra Beetle in Stored Wheat. Indian Journal of Entomology, 85(3), 599–604. https://doi.org/10.55446/IJE.2022.661

Issue

Section

Research Articles

References

Adams J M, Schulten C G M. 1978. Losses caused by insects, mites and microorganisms. Post-harvest Grain Loss Assessment Methods. American Association of Cereal Chemists’s (AACC) Slough, U K 83-93.

Ahmedani M S, Haque M I, Afzal S N, Naeem M, Hussain T, Naz S. 2011. Quantitative losses and physical damage caused to wheat kernel (Triticum aestivum L.) by Khapra beetle infestation. Pakistan Journal of Botany 43: 659-668.

Alam M S, Kumar M, Kumar S, Bhandari A. 2011. Optimization of process parameters for osmo-mechanical dehydration of shelled peas (Pisum sativum). Journal of Food Legumes 24: 218-224.

Ali A, Ahmad F, Biondi A, Wang Y, Desneux N. 2012. Potential for using Datura alba leaf extracts against two major stored grain pests, the Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium and the rice weevil, Sitophillus oryzae. Journal of Pest Science 85: 359-366.

Altan A, McCarthy K L, Maskan M. 2008. Extrusion cooking of barley flour and process parameter optimization by using response surface methodology. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 88: 1648–1659.

Anonymous. 2005. Plant health Australia grain industry bio-security plan. pp 1-21.

Anonymous. 2017. Progress report (2017-18) of PAU-Ludhiana. 33rd Annual Workshop of AICRP on Post-harvest engineering and technology, JAU, Junagadh, Gujarat (January 23-25, 2018) 1-99.

Anonymous. 2018a. Progress report (2018) PAU-Ludhiana. 34th Annual workshop of AICRP on Post-harvest engineering and technology, TNAU, Coimbatore during (March 12-15, 2019) 1-109.

Anonymous. 2018b. Package of Practices for Rabi Crops of Punjab. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. 1-19.

Athanassiou C G, Phillips T W, Wakil W. 2019. Biology and control of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, a major quarantine threat to global food security. Annual Review of Entomology 64: 131-148.

Box G E P, Behnken D W. 1960. Some new three level designs for the study of quantitative variables. Technometrics 2: 455-475.

Debebe A, Mohan S, Kuttalam S, Nagappan R. 2008. Cross border technology transfer-A case study with TNAU trapping technologies in Gondar, Ethiopia, Africa for the management of stored product insects. Research and Reviews in Biosciences 2: 48-50.

Demis E, Yenewa W. 2022. Review on major storage insect pests of cereals and pulses. Asian Journal of Advances in Research 12: 41-56.

Duarte S, Barros G, Carvalho L, Guerreiro O, Mourato M, Carvalho M O. 2021. Early-warning detection protocol of khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium everts) and other insect pests associated with stored grains in portugal - preliminary results. Pp. 186-192. In: Jayas DS, Jian F (eds) Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products (CAF2020), CAF Permanent Committee Secretariat, Winnipeg, Canada.

Giles H F, Wagner J, Eldridge M M. 2004 . Design of experiments. In Extrusion: The Definitive Processing Guide and Handbook (2nd ed). Plastics Design Library. Elesevier Press, pp. 303-305.

Gnanasekharan V, Shewfelt R L, Chinnan M S. 1992. Detection of colour change in green vegetables. Journal of Food Science 57: 149-154.

Hategekimana A, Mohan S, Ramaraju K, Thirupathi V. 2013. Efficacy of stack probe trap for detection, validation of fumigation and distribution of stored grain insects in bag stacks. Journal of Reneweable Agriculture 1: 39-43.

Mohan S, Palaniswamy S, Suganthy M, Thiruselvan S. 2004. TNAU Gadgets for the management of stored product insects in food grains. Pestology 28: 10-11.

Mohan S, Sivakumar S S, Kavitharaghavan Z, Venkatesh S, Raghavan G S V. 2008. A new trap to increase the trapping of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) in wheat filled containers. Madras Agricultural Journal 95: 390-393.

Mookherjee P B, Jotwani M G, Yadav T D, Sircar P. 1968. Disinfection of stored seeds by heat treatment. Indian Journal of Entomology 27: 479-480.

Myers S W, Hagstrum, D H. 2012.Quarantine, in stored product protection, eds D H Hagstrum, T W Philips, G Cuperus (Manhattan, K S: Kansas State University), 297-304.

Rajesh A, Mohan S, Nelson S J. 2015. Efficacy of TNAU-stack probe trap in detection, monitoring of pests and validation of fumigation in turmeric bag-stack storage. Current Biotica 9: 159-165.

Subramanyam B H, Harein P K. 1990. Accuracies and sample sizes associated with estimating densities of adult beetles (Coleoptera) caught in probe trap in stored barley. Journal of Economic Entomology 83: 1102-1109.

Yagci S, Gogus F. 2008. Response surface methodology for evaluation of physical and functional properties of extruded snack foods developed from food-by-products. Journal of Food Engineering 86: 122-132.